Americans are fond of referring to their country as "the greatest nation on earth". Until recently, I didn't believe any country deserved that description. But today I think there is a strong contender for the title.

China is the world's oldest living civilisation. It has recovered from over a century of colonial oppression and lifted its citizens out of poverty. As its growth continues, China is poised to become the world's largest economy and a technology leader that is second to none. By 2030, I believe it will be an indisputable fact that China is the greatest nation on earth.

I need to understand China, from a Chinese perspective. This is my journey.

Monday 19 December 2022

Jade Dragons Flying In The Sky - Another Instant Reading Comprehension Achievement

I was pleasantly surprised when I saw a tweet today in Chinese, and I could read all the characters immediately, with no effort at all.

The line at the top said

玉龙飞天 yùlóng fēitiān, which I immediately recognised as "Jade Dragon Flying (in the) Sky"

I think I understood the meaning even before the pronunciation of some of the characters came to memory, which is what an ideographic language does for a reader.

天 tiān, meaning "sky" or "day" is one of the most commonly encountered words in Chinese, of course. The words 今天 jīntiān (today), 明天 míngtiān (tomorrow), and 昨天 zuótiān (yesterday) are encountered early on. I've talked about a mnemonic to remember this ideograph here.

龙 lóng means dragon, and any student of Chinese will encounter this word too fairly early in their journey.

飞 fēi means "to fly", and I have posted before about the ideograph resembling a hummingbird.

How did I know about 玉 yù (jade)? That isn't a very common word. Well, I learnt early on that the word 国 guó ("country") is a rectangle around the word for jade. Jade is the material from which the seal of the Chinese emperor was traditionally made, and the box therefore represents the bounded region under the emperor’s writ. I wrote about that too here.

How did I know it was pronounced "yù"? Well, I had read in the news about the Chinese moon rover 玉兔 yùtù (meaning "jade rabbit"), and the name was easy to remember. As a bonus, I'd learnt the word for rabbit too.

The video confirmed my reading of the words. It was a dance with four dancers in green robes suspended in the air.

I then looked at the words in the hashtag.

#玉龙雪山 yùlóng xuěshān

The first two characters were the same, and meant "jade dragon".

I recognised the character 雪 xuě ("snow") from a lesson on the weather. Rain is 雨 yǔ, and the ideograph strongly suggests rain seen from inside a window. 下雨 xià yǔ means "to rain" (literally "down rain"), and 下雪 xià xuě means "to snow" (literally "down snow").

山 shān means "mountain", and the ideograph evokes that image. The Chinese provinces of 山西 shānxī ("West of the mountain") and 山东 shāndōng ("East of the mountain") are well-known, and I have written about the evocative names of China's provinces too.

I had also come across the idiom 山高皇帝远 shāngāo huángdì yuǎn ("The mountains are high, and the emperor is far away"), which is similar to the English idiom "When the cats are away, the mice will play".

So the term in the hashtag meant "Jade dragon snow mountain"

Pasting both sets of words into Google Translate confirmed that my reading was correct.

I was very pleased, not only that I had managed to read whatever I was seeing, but also that I was able to understand the meaning of the text so fast, and even before I remembered the pronunciation of all the characters. (It took me a couple of seconds to remember the pronunciations of 玉 yù and 雪 xuě.)

Tuesday 29 November 2022

When I Made A Pun In Chinese (And Got Praise For It)

I had come across this interesting lesson on Du Chinese, called "Did you do it for nothing?"

Essentially, it's about a Chinese idiom for doing something in vain.

If you go to your friend's house to hang out, but he/she isn't at home, then your trip was in vain. You might then say,

"我白来了!" "wǒ bái láile!" ("I came in vain!", literally, "I white/blank came")

白 bái, which literally means "white" or "blank", is used idiomatically to describe a wasteful activity.

Someone I follow on Twitter tweeted a photo of a student protesting during the shortlived "color revolution" over the weekend of November 26th-27th. As per the fad or fashion of the protesters, they were holding up a blank sheet of paper.

It immediately struck me that the protests (that had by then fizzled out) could be aptly described by the Chinese idiom that I'd learnt.

So I tweeted:

我"白"抗议了! wǒ "bái" kàngyìle! ("I protested in vain!", or literally "I white/blank protested!")

A number of people "liked" my tweet. Most gratifying of all was the comment by @HarrietInForest:

先生您的中文太棒了吧!xiānshēng nín de zhōngwén tài bàngle ba! ("Sir, your Chinese is amazing!")

I felt a burst of encouragement, a feeling of

加油! jiāyóu! ("Come on!" or "More power to you!", literally "Add fuel!")

I was doubly gratified. (1) I was being praised (however undeservedly) for my language skills, and (2) I had successfully made a witty remark in a language I was still learning.

Friday 9 September 2022

That Feeling When You Understand A Chinese Meme

I had a most gratifying experience today when I saw a response on Twitter and understood what the meme was saying.

The words
你 知道 我 要 说 什么
nǐ zhīdào wǒ yào shuō shénme

mean "You know what I want to say" (literally "You know I want say what")

The deliberately neutral expression on the man's face says it all. He has an opinion, but isn't saying anything.

I was so pleased that I was able to read and understand every character in the meme, and best of all, understand what the meme meant.

Understanding this meme from pop culture is another small milestone in my journey to gain better insights into Chinese society.

Sunday 27 February 2022

The Story Behind The Peculiar Romanised Spelling Of China's Olympic Mascot (Bing Dwen Dwen)

When I saw the cute panda mascot of the Beijing Winter Olympics and learnt its name, I was a bit puzzled.

Looking up Google, I finally found the answer. The strange romanised spelling was done for the sake of overseas visitors, who would mostly be unaware of the rules of pīnyīn spelling, with its diacritical (accent) marks denoting tones.

This article talks about an older romanisation scheme for Mandarin called Gwoyeu Romatzyh (National Language Romanisation), which would itself be spelt guóyǔ luómǎzì in pīnyīn. Although quite complex in its rules, this scheme has two advantages over pīnyīn.

  1. It doesn't use diacritical marks, so it can be typed out using a regular keyboard
  2. The pronunciation that it suggests to a non-Chinese person comes closest to the actual tonal pronunciation of the word

This site provides further detail on the origins of the mascot's name.

Reading about Gwoyeu Romatzyh was quite fascinating. That someone thought up such a sophisticated romanisation scheme for Mandarin in the 1920s is amazing.

Here's how the Wikipedia entry describes the notation of the four tones in pīnyīn and in Gwoyeu Romatzyh:

High toneRising toneFalling-rising toneFalling tone
Example 1Pīnyīnxuēxuéxuěxuè
Gwoyeu Romatzyhshiueshyuesheueshiueh
Example 2Pīnyīnchuānchuánchuǎnchuàn
Gwoyeu Romatzyhchuanchwanchoanchuann
Example 3Pīnyīnchāngchángchǎngchàng
Gwoyeuh Romatzyhchangcharngchaangchanq
Example 4Pīnyīnhāiháihǎihài
Gwoyeu Romatzyhhaihairhaehay
Example 5Pīnyīnbāobáobǎobào
Gwoyeu Romatzyhbaubaurbaoobaw

Today, the romanisation we see is almost always pīnyīn, but Gwoyeu Romatzyh is used in rare cases, the most famous being the spelling of the Chinese province of Shaanxi.

There are two adjacent provinces called Shanxi and Shaanxi. In Chinese characters and in pīnyīn, they're written 山西 shānxī and 陕西 shǎnxī. The only difference here is in tone, represented by diacritical marks, but since these are not always guaranteed to be preserved in all text, a safer way to differentiate the spellings of the two provinces is to use Gwoyeu Romatzyh romanisation to call them Shanxi and Shaanxi.

Sunday 20 February 2022

Champion 的 相片 (Champion De Xiàngpiàn)

Duolingo had only taught me that the word for photo was 照片 zhàopiàn.

However, I learnt from a recent Du Chinese lesson (The Watch) that another word for photo is 相片 xiàngpiàn.

A pun came to mind immediately, since triple Olympic medallist Eileen Gu (谷爱凌 Gǔ Ài Líng) is now the talk of the town.

This is a photo of the champion. In other words, 这 是 champion 的 相片 zhè shì champion de xiàngpiàn.

Saturday 29 January 2022

A Classic Photo From the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics

China's foreign affairs spokesperson Zhao Lijian tweeted this iconic photo. The driverless Fùxīng (Rejuvenation) high-speed train against a backdrop of China's timeless Great Wall.

One of the comments on that photo struck me as beautifully poetic.

bobo 禹 @517yyy said:

北京冬奥列车与长城同框,古今在此交汇!!长城像黑色的巨龙,高铁是银色的巨龙,中华古今两巨龙在同一时空相遇,仿佛穿越到2000年前
Běijīng dōng ào lièchē yǔ chángchéng tóng kuāng, gǔjīn zài cǐ jiāohuì!! Chángchéng xiàng hēisè de jù lóng, gāotiě shì yínsè de jù lóng, zhōnghuá gǔjīn liǎng jù lóng zài tóngyī shíkōng xiāngyù, fǎngfú chuānyuè dào 2000 nián qián

Translation, courtesy Google Translate (I'm not at that level yet):

The Beijing Winter Olympics train is in the same frame as the Great Wall, where ancient and modern meet! ! The Great Wall is like a black dragon, and the high-speed rail is a silver dragon. The two ancient and modern Chinese dragons meet in the same time and space, as if traveling back to 2000 years ago.

Saturday 22 January 2022

In My Shoes - Scenes Of Life In China Through The Eyes Of Children

Australia's ABC TV presents a very nice 7-part documentary series made by the BBC about life in China, and each sub-ten-minute episode is narrated by a child from a different part of the country. The entire series takes just an hour, and it's well worth watching

Click on any episode link below:

Episode 1 (Ji Denghui of Xingping in Guangxi province):

This boy lives on an island close to the town of Xingping in the southern province of Guangxi (the poorer cousin of Guangdong to its east). The river Li seems to be a big part of the life of people there.

This episode and the next are based around the Karst mountains with their unique shape. These mountains feature on China's 20 Yuan note.

It seems to be a thing with tourists who visit this place to take a photo of the mountains along with the 20 Yuan note. Google's image search turns up plenty of such photos.

This place is now on my must-visit list. I'll probably go to Yangshuo town, though.

Episode 2 (Ma Tsu Tao of Yangshuo in Guangxi province):

This episode was my favourite. Something about the little girl's life in Yangshuo made me very fond of this town.

Her mother works as a teacher in her school, so they go to school together by scooter. It reminds me a bit of my childhood. My mother worked at my school, so she, my sister and I used to take an autorickshaw to school every morning.

This school seems to start pretty early (just after 0700), and students have breakfast in school. That must be fun.

The series is great for the little peeks it gives us into aspects of Chinese society. When class starts, it's not just the students who chant in slow chorus, "Good morning, miss!" as we used to do back in India. The teacher bows to the class first.

Then the students bow to the teacher.

Episode 3 (Wang Yu Shi of Lijiang in Yunnan province):

This episode is set in Yunnan province, and is probably unique because the boy who narrates it is from the Naxi ethnic minority.

The boy with his grandmother. There are some glimpses into how the Naxi community has its own script and cultural practices.

Episode 4 (He Weiqing of Chan'gou village in Yunnan province):

The little girl here comes from a less well-off rural family, and lives at her school during the term, only going back home during breaks.

Yunnan province on the whole seems like a less developed part of China. This is the only school in the district.

The entire school only has 78 pupils.

Another little tidbit about Chinese culture. Unlike schools in other parts of the world where one sees a short and simple motto (usually Latin in Australia, Sanskrit in India), this one is somewhat more elaborate.

Chinese society places a lot of emphasis on education, one can see. It's also a common aspect of communist societies. The old USSR was also very big on education.

This school has among the smallest class sizes I have seen.

This is a personal bugbear of mine. I don't like the insidious messaging about girls finding maths hard. There seems to be a pervasive gender bias around this topic, and I don't know if this was a genuine sentiment expressed by the girl, or something contributed by the BBC. Media should make an explicit effort to combat this bias.

We get a glimpse of the girl's dormitory, since this is also a boarding school. There's a short scene of the school breaking for the Spring break, and the girl's father coming to the dormitory to pick her up. They then trek back to their home, which seems to be a long walk away.

Episode 5 (Qing Qing of Tian Chang city in Anhui province):

This is the first episode set in a city (Tian Chang in Anhui province in the East).

This was an interesting episode because the girl's mother works at a factory (one of author Leslie Chang's "Factory Girls").

The scenes at the factory are quite unique. It reminded me of my unique childhood on a University campus, which would have been quite different to the experience of most kids. It was nice to see the child wandering freely around the factory, even helping out with some of the chores.

We get a glimpse of how those "Made in China" toys are actually made.

Factory girls seem to be of all ages.

The little girl's mother doesn't work on the factory floor, but is in Sales. For a while, the girl and her mother were separated when the mother got her job in the city, and the girl had to be with her grandparents. But now, she has also moved to the city with her mother, and even has a place in the office to do her homework. I get the impression that China is more relaxed about workplace rules compared to Australia. The concern with systems, rules, risk, liability and insurance are major frictional forces in Western countries, in my opinion.

Nice to know that Winnie-the-Pooh isn't banned in China, as the rumours claim.

Episode 6 (Li Mengke of Sandouping in Hubei province):

Hubei province (meaning, literally, "North of the Lake") should be well-known to the world after Covid, since its capital is Wuhan. The little girl's town is on the Yangtze river, close to the famous Three Gorges Dam.

This girl lives with her grandparents, since her parents work in Guangdong, a 20 hour drive away. It seems to be a fairly common aspect of life in China that working-age people often have to work away from their hometowns, and children are brought up by grandparents instead.

This episode also talks about the Spring break, which is also the Chinese New Year. It's when workers go home to their hometowns to meet their families, and we get to see this from the other side, i.e., the perspective of the child who gets to see her parents after many months.

The girl and her grandfather doing festival shopping.

The family is finally together...

...and enjoys a traditional feast.

Fireworks are part of the festival, and the episode explains why. New Year in China is associated with a New Year Demon (Nian Shou), which eats children, but which can fortunately be frightened away by bright lights, noisy fireworks and the colour red (which is why red is considered an auspicious colour in China).

Episode 7 (Zhe Wen of Shanghai city):

This is the only episode set in a major metro. The little girl's life is remarkable for the number of different classes she attends outside of school. Chinese parents seem very dedicated about cramming their kids with every imaginable skill.

It was amusing to see kids darting through the school gates before they closed.

After school, the girl's mother takes her to music class by the Shanghai metro, and even carries her cello for her.

Music seems to be a compulsory part of a child's education in the Chinese community. Among Australian Chinese, I've heard that children need to learn not one but two instruments (usually the violin and the piano).

On Saturday, the girl attends two special classes. This one was interesting. It seems to be about assembling mechanical toys, somewhat like the Meccano sets we used to have in our childhood in India.

I'm happy to see there's no gender bias here.

And then there's maths class, of course.

Early preparation for the much-feared Gaokao, no doubt.

It's relentless. She has to attend classes on Sunday too! These seem to be closer home, since her dad takes her there on his bicycle.

English class.

I certainly hope China hasn't shut down this window to the world out of pique at the current Western propaganda onslaught.

And then there's calligraphy class, and this bit of cultural education rounds out what a child seems to learn.

Overall impressions:

I really liked this series. The episodes were short (less than 10 minutes each), but managed to pack in quite a bit. Viewers can learn a lot about life in China in just an hour overall. Geographically, although the episodes covered four provinces and a metro, they all seemed to be south-eastern provinces. There was nothing from the West, North, or Northeast of China. Anhui was the only province north of the Yangtze. I hope the BBC continues the series with more episodes. It was a great watch.